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Takeda Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd, also of Osaka, and incorporated in , is engaged in industrial chemicals, drugs, cosmetics and healthcare products and is a leading manufacturer of pharmaceuticals operating on a global basis; it is the principal vitamin producer in Japan and also one of the main producers of bulk vitamins worldwide. The Japanese folic acid producers do not produce pre-mix, with the exception of a Takeda subsidiary which supplies the product locally in Japan. Volume control and monitoring system Although, in contrast with its disclosure for vitamins A and E, the main protagonist Roche provided no "budget" documentation to the Commission relating to vitamin B1, Takeda has supplied a considerable volume of its contemporaneous documents, including tables and meeting reports which demonstrate the operation of the volume control and monitoring system: - a document dated 5 June is headed "Vitamin B1 monitoring " and shows for each region Northern America, Latin America, Japan, Europe, etc. In turn, Roche would agree its position with the other two European producers and act on their behalf in its dealings with Eisai. A substantial proportion of their "feed grade" vitamin production is not sold on the "free" market but is employed internally in the manufacture of their "pre-mixes".

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  •  - Ни вчера, ни .
  • Mao salendav aluspesu
  •  - Она вздохнула.
  • «Что же я делаю?» - подумал Бринкерхофф.

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  1. Над головой, в головокружительном пустом пространстве, на потрепанной веревке раскачивалась серебряная курильница размером с холодильник, описывая громадную дугу и источая едва уловимый аромат.
  2.  Да, мистер Клушар, конечно, понимаю.
  3.  - Не нахожу .
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  7. Поскольку для одновременного подрыва устройств была необходима точнейшая координация действий, все эти изделия были связаны между собой телефонными линиями через Интернет.
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Iced Turmeric Green Tea is good for your mood and great for your health. The new company is headquartered in Strasbourg. Its name has been changed to "Aventis Animal Nutrition". RPAN's main feed additive products are vitamins A and E used in poultry and pig feed and methionine, an essential amino-acid used mainly for poultry feed and not the subject of the present procedure.

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Vitamins A and E are produced in Commentry, France. Lonza 98 Lonza AG is a Swiss chemical producer founded in In it was acquired by what was then Alusuisse AG, as an independently managed subsidiary and became part of the Alusuisse Lonza Group Algroup.

In Algroup demerged its chemicals and energy activities from the rest of the group in anticipation of the proposed merger of its aluminium and specialty packaging activities with those of Pechiney and Alcan Up to it was part of the Philips industrial group. It produces pharmaceutical drugs for human use. The only vitamin it produces and sells is vitamin D3.

It is established as the operating subsidiary of E. Merck oHG. Merck oHG now acts purely as a holding company. Merck's relevant products for the purposes of this procedure are vitamins C and H biotin.

Daiichi Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd of Tokyo, Japan, was founded in and produces a wide range of ethical pharmaceuticals, over-the-counter health products and veterinary products. Daiichi's relevant vitamin production is in vitamins B5 calpan and B6. Eisai Eisai Co. Ltd of Tokyo is a leading Japanese pharmaceutical and drug manufacturer specializing in ethical drugs.

The only relevant product for present purposes is folic acid. Sumitomo Sumitomo Chemical Company Ltd of Osaka and Tokyo is one of Japan's largest chemical manufacturers, with a product range including basic chemicals, petrochemicals, fine chemicals, agricultural chemicals and pharmaceuticals.

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The relevant product for present purposes is folic acid. Takeda Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd, also of Osaka, and incorporated inis engaged in industrial chemicals, drugs, cosmetics and healthcare products and is a leading manufacturer of pharmaceuticals operating on a global basis; it is the principal vitamin producer in Japan and also one of the main producers of bulk vitamins worldwide. Tanabe Tanabe Seiyaku Co. Ltd of Osaka is one of the leading pharmaceutical producers in Japan.

VITAMINS 3 Vitamins are a group of micronutrients of various types of organic compounds required in small amounts in human and animal diet for normal growth, development and maintenance of life.

Tanabe buys in other bulk vitamins from other producers, including Roche vitamins B1 and C and either uses them in its downstream production or resells them as a trader. The second column shows data for the worldwide turnover in the vitamin product concerned in the last complete calendar year of the infringement and, in brackets, the range of the company's market share in the worldwide market concerned during the time period of the infringement.

The third column shows the same information as that of column two but in relation to the EEA-wide vitamin product market instead of the worldwide market. All of these figures are necessarily approximate.

  • Admiral Markets AS-i kauplemise netotulu kasvas möödunud aastal 47,1 miljoni euroni.
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  • Глаза его партнера не отрывались от картинки на большом мониторе, установленном под крышей мини-автобуса.
  • Тишина шифровалки взорвалась сигналом тревоги, доносившимся из служебного помещения «ТРАНСТЕКСТА».

They informed the Commission of their intention to cooperate with any investigations, but without at the time providing any statement or documentary evidence. These statements only covered the vitamin products which were the subject of the prosecutions in the United States of America. As regards pre-mixes, the producers claimed that while there had been sporadic discussions on pre-mix in Europe, there had never been any effective agreements for this format, since most sales were made as "straights" The requests did not relate to all the products in respect of which collusion on their part was suspected Takeda claimed it had already prepared the file before receipt of the Article 11 request.

It provided a reply to the request for information on 18 and 20 October concerning vitamins B1 and B6. It also provided further documents on folic acid, and on 10 January provided a response to a request for information in relation to folic acid, sent on 15 November On 22 November it provided certain relevant documents regarding the arrangements in that product.

The Commission provided a full copy of all accessible and partially accessible documents in its file of the case, including non-confidential versions of partially accessible documents, in the CD-ROM which was provided to all addressees of the statement of objections. A descriptive list of the content of the non-accessible documents was established and provided to the same addressees.

At the Oral Hearing the undertakings were also given the opportunity to comment on the written replies of the other parties which had been made available to them earlier. Certain individuals were also charged with criminal violations power blendz fat burner arvustused the Sherman Act.

The vitamins and time periods concerned were as follows: - vitamins A and E: from January to February- vitamin B2: from January to at least Fall- vitamin B5: January to at least December- vitamin C: from January to at least Fall- beta-carotene: from January to at least Decemberand - vitamin pre-mixes: from January to at least December Two of the most senior executives of Roche, Messrs[ The origin and basic scheme of the cartels The European producers state that prices for both vitamin A and E actually fell significantly during the late s as a result of competition.

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The "dramatic" fall in price in vitamin E is attributed by Roche to the "price offensive" of Eisai in for vitamin A, Roche blames the aggressive pricing policy of Rhône-Poulenc. The meeting lasted two days. Eisai did not attend; Roche says the idea was to bring Eisai in at a second stage. Market shares were frozen at levels; as the market expanded, each company could increase its sales only in accordance with its agreed quota and in line with market growth and not at the expense of a competitor.

The maxim "price before volume" was accepted as the underlying principle of the cartel. Specific pricing levels were also discussed. For each region, including Europe, the market share quotas were further broken down country by country, so that the total of the allocations corresponded with the regional share assigned and the regional shares added up to the world quotas.

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Structure and participants Structure of regular meetings As the implementation of the cartel developed, a complex structure of regular meetings evolved. There were four levels. Top level This level was constituted by the most senior corporate officers with responsibility for the vitamins business, and included the divisional heads and sometimes the heads of vitamins marketing.

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Their role was to back the agreement with high-level support, to define overall strategy and ensure each party continued to adhere to the agreement. Heads of marketing The heads of vitamins marketing, who might also attend the top level meetings, took decisions on the practical operation of the agreements and finalised the budgets.

Some of their meetings might also be attended by the divisional chairmen. They met two or three times per year. Global product marketing level This level consisted of managers with product marketing responsibility for vitamins A and E at global level. Their meetings, held at quarterly intervals, were intended to monitor the implementation of the quota systems.

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Regional product marketing level These meetings, which were organised by the regional management and involved the heads of marketing for each region, including Europe, were held about four times a year. Discussions included pricing to individual customers. The group was also responsible for: - monitoring sales against budget on a regional level and making adjustments if necessary; - identifying relevant market developments inside their region; - implementing the price increases agreed at the more senior levels.

The interaction between the different groups The cartel's operations centred on the preparation and implementation of the annual "budget". Indeed in this and other respects its mechanisms were closely modelled on the internal financial management and controls of a single undertaking. According to Rhône-Poulenc, Roche first made a presentation on the current state of the market with tables prepared from the information which the others had provided in advance by telephone.

Final decisions on pricing were usually taken in the second half of the year, a typical effective date for an increase being 1 April of the following year. Apparently however, it occasionally asked BASF to lead the increase rasvapoleti ulim. At the meetings, which were organised and led by Roche, Roche presented market developments and the Division Chairmen would discuss the size of the market, increases in market shares, price movements and resolve potential problems.

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According to Rhône-Poulenc, there was no specific agenda. These are however presumably the meetings described by Roche. Their purpose was to demonstrate top-level support for the cartel and to determine overall strategy. These meetings were scheduled in the month following the end of each quarter. The regional marketing managers reported on market developments to the more senior level of meetings which took the necessary decisions.

Every month they exchanged the volumes of vitamins A and E sold in each national market. Roche provided the others with the monthly sales of Eisai in the European market as a whole rather than for each country.

Volume control mechanism: "budgets" General The fundamental idea underlying the cartel was to freeze market shares in both products at the level. Sergei Bogatenkovi sõnul on ettevõtte algusaastatel seatud eesmärgid tänaseks täidetud: "Nime muutmine on loomulik samm, mis peegeldab seda, kus ettevõttena täna asume. Meie eesmärk on pakkuda integreeritud lahendusi investeerimiseks, maksmiseks ja raha haldamiseks.

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